时间：2020年09月30日 | 作者 : admin | 分类 : 全部文章 | 浏览: 740次
【视频】五分钟带你了解英国历史-甘肃海归精英联盟
你能分清楚英格兰、苏格兰、爱尔兰、大不列颠、大不列颠共和国这些名词吗？它们之间的联系和区别又是什么？
五分钟视频《超语速解析英国历史》给你讲解英国地理文化历史等基本常识。
Welcome to The United Kingdom (And a whole lot more) Explained by me天童凯, C.G.P.Grey.
欢迎收看我的英国介绍。
United Kingdom, England, Great Britain? Are these three the same place? Are they different places? Do British people secretly laugh those who use the terms incorrectly? Who knows the answers to these questions? I do, and I'm gonna tell you right now.
“英国”，“英格兰”，“大不列颠”？这三个词指的是同一个，还是不同地方？如果有人用错了词，英国人会偷笑吗？谁知道这些问题的答案？我知道，我现在来给你们解释。
For the lost: this is the world,波罗汽车报价 this is the European continent and this is the place we have to untangle.
给那些不认地图的：这是世界，这是欧洲，这里就是让我们纠结的地方。
The area shown in purple is the United Kingdom. Part of the confusion is that the United Kingdom is not a single country but it instead is a country of countries. It contains inside of it four co-equal andsovereignnations.
紫色的区域就是英国，让人疑惑的可能是，英国并不是一个单一的国家，而是联合王国。它包含了四个地位平等的主权国家。
The first of these is England — shown here in red. England is often confused with the United Kingdom as a whole,because it’s the largest and most populous of the nations and contains thede factocapital city, London.
首先是英格兰，红色的部分。英格兰经常被误认是英国整体的代称草帽警察 ，因为它最大，人口最多，以及拥有英国首都伦敦。
To the north is Scotland — shown in blue, and to the west is Wales — shown in white. And what's often forgotten even by those who live in the United Kingdom, is Northern Ireland — shown in orange.
西面是威尔士，标成白色，另外，经常被人甚至是英国人遗忘的是，北爱尔兰，橙色部分。
Each country has a local term for the population. While you can call them all ‘British’, it's not recommended as the four countries generally don't like each other.
每个国家都有自己的民族名称。虽然你可以都叫他们“英国人”，但是我不建议这样，因为四个地方的人们并不喜欢彼此。
The Northern Irish, Scottish and Welsh regard the English as slave-driving colonial masters — no matter that all three have their owndevolvedParliaments, and are allowed to vote on English laws despite the reverse not being true — and the English generally regard therestas ruralyokelswho spend too much time with their sheep.
北爱尔兰，苏格兰和威尔士人认为英格兰人是驱使奴隶的殖民者——尽管它们三个都拥有独立的地方议会，可以投票表决英国法案，而英格兰就没有。英格兰人也常常认为其他三个地方的人们是农村来的土包子，花太多时间和羊待在一起。
However, as the four constituent countries don't have their own passports, they are all British Citizens, like it or not. They are British Citizens of the United Kingdom, whose full name by the way is the United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland.
尽管如此，这四个国家并没有独立的护照。他们都是英国公民，不管喜欢不喜欢联合王国，全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
So where's Great Britain hiding?
那么大不列颠在哪？
Right here: the area covered in black is Great Britain. Unlike England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, Great Britain is a geographical rather than a political term. Great Britain is the largest island among the British Isles.
这里，画出黑色的地图是大不列颠。不像英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和北爱尔兰，大不列颠是一个地理概念，而不是政治概念。大不列颠是不列颠群岛中最大的岛屿。
Within the United Kingdom, the term ‘Great Britain’ is often used to refer to England, Scotland and Wales alone, with the intentional exclusion of Northern Ireland. This is mostly, but not completely true, as all three constituent countries have islands that are not part of Great Britain, such as The Isle of Wight, part of England, the Welsh Isle of Anglesey依马壁挂炉 , the Scottish Hebrides, the Shetland Islands, the Orkney Islands and the Islands of the Clyde.
在英国，“大不列颠”通常指英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，北爱尔兰被故意排除在外。这点大部分是对的，但不全对，因为他们都有不属于不列颠岛的小岛，像怀特岛、锡利群岛和兰迪岛属于英格兰，安格尔西岛属于威尔士，赫布里底群岛、设德兰群岛、奥克尼群岛和克莱德群岛属于苏格兰。
The second biggest island in the British Isles is Ireland.
不列颠群岛中的第二大岛是爱尔兰岛。
It is worth noting at this point that Ireland is not a country. LikeGreat Britain, it's a geographical, not political term.
“爱尔兰”并不是一个国家。像不列颠一样，它是一个地理概念，不是政治概念。
The Island of Ireland contains on it two countries: Northern Ireland, which we have already discussed and the Republic of Ireland.
爱尔兰岛上有两个国家：北爱尔兰——我们之前谈过了——和爱尔兰共和国。
When people say they are Irish, they are referring to the Republic of Ireland, which is a separate country from the United Kingdom.
当人们提到“爱尔兰人”，通常指的是爱尔兰共和国，它是一个不属于联合王国的独立国家。
However, both the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom are members of the European Union, even though England in particular likes to pretend that it's an Island in the Mid-Atlantic, rather than 50 kilometers off the coast of France. But that's a story for another time.
爱尔兰共和国和英国都是欧盟成员，虽然英国经常假装自己是一个位于大西洋中部的孤岛，而不是离法国海岸只有50公里的欧洲的一部分。这就是另一个故事了。
To review:
复习一下：
The two largest islands in the British Isles are Ireland andGreat Britain. Ireland has on it two countries: the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, while Great Britain mostly contains three: England, Scotland and Wales. These last three, when combined with Northern Ireland, form the United Kingdom.
不列颠群岛中两个最大的岛是不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛。爱尔兰岛上有两个国家：爱尔兰共和国和北爱尔兰，而不列颠岛上又三个：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。后三个加上北爱尔兰组成了联合王国——英国。
Finished? No. There are still many unanswered questions, such as: Why, when you travel to Canada, is there British Royalty on the money?
完了吗凌云文学网 ？没有。还有一些未解的问题，比如，当你到加拿大旅游时，为什么钞票上印有英国女王？
To answer this, we need to talk about Empire.
为了解答这个问题，我们必须谈谈英帝国。
You can't have gone to school in the English-speaking world without having learned that the British Empire once spanned a 1/4th world's land and governed nearly a 1/4th world's people.
如果你在英语圈上的学，就不可能不知道，英帝国曾经占有世界四分之一的土地，统治全球近四分之一的人口。
While it's easy to remember the parts of the British Empire that broke away violently, we often forget how many nations gained independence through diplomacy, notbloodshed.
那些通过斗争取得独立的国家很容易记，但是我们经常忘记很多国家，是通过外交途径独立的，而不是流血战争。
These want-to-be nations struck a deal with the Empire, where they continued to recognize the monarch(y) as the head of state in exchange for a local,autonomousparliament.
这些希望独立的国家和英帝国签了协议，他们继续承认英国君主作为国家元首。作为交换，他们可以建立独立的自治议会。
To understand how they are connected, we need to talk about the Crown. Not the physical crown that sits behind glass in the Tower of London and earns millions of tourist pounds for the UK, but the Crown as a complicated legalentitybest thought of as a one-man corporation.
为了理解这些国家如何联系在一起，我们要谈谈英国的王权问题。并不是放在伦敦塔里面的实体王冠，尽管它每年带来几百万镑的旅游收入，而是作为一个复杂法律实体的王位自身，它也可以被认为是一个单独的“法人”。
Who created this corporation?
谁创立了这个位置？
God Did.
上帝。
According to British Tradition all power is vested in God, and the monarch is crowned in a Christian ceremony. God however — not wanting to be bothered with micromanagement — convenientlydelegateshis power to an entity called the Crown. While this used to be the physical crown in the Tower of London, it evolved over time into a legal corporation sole, able to be controlled only by the ruling monarch.
根据英国传统，一切权利归于上帝，国王会在一个基督教仪式上被加冕。但是，上帝并不想管这些治理国家的小事，于是他就方便地把权利授予了一个实体——王位。过去的它的确指的是伦敦塔里面的那顶王冠。随着时间推移宋培伦，它抽象成为一个由君主掌握的，独立的法律实体。
It's a useful reminder that the United Kingdom is still technically atheocracywith the reigning monarch acting as both the head of state and the supreme governor of the official state religion: Anglicanism.
值得一提的是，英国在理论上还是一个神权国家。在位的国王既是国家元首，也是英国国教的最高领袖。
Such are theodditiesthat arise when dealing with a thousand-year-old Monarchy.
以上就是这个传承千年的王位的小知识。
Back to Canada and the rest: The former colonies that gained their independence through diplomacy and continue to recognize the authority of the Crown are known as the CommonwealthRealm.
回到加拿大和其他国家：这些前殖民地通过外交途径获得独立，同时继续承认英国君主的权威，他们被称为英联邦国家。
They are, in decreasing order of population: Canada, Australia, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Jamaica, the Solomon Islands, Belize, the Bahamas, Barbados, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and theGrenadines九羊神功 ,梅爱偲 Grenada苍狼传说, Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Tuvalu.
他们包括（按照人口数降序排列）：加拿大、澳大利亚、巴布亚新几内亚、新西兰、牙买加、所罗门群岛、伯利兹、巴哈马群岛、巴巴多斯、圣卢西亚岛、圣文森特岛、格林那丁斯、安提瓜和巴布达、圣基茨及尼维斯，图瓦卢。
All are independent nations but still recognize the monarch(y) as the head of state, even though it has little real power within their borders.
这些独立国家仍然承认英国君主为国家元首，尽管女王在这些国家几乎没有实权。
There are three further entities that belong to the Crown, and these are the Crown Dependencies: The Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey.
还有三个国家是女王直属的塔琳托娅，被称为国家的自治领：英国属地曼岛、泽西岛和根西岛。
Unlike the Commonwealth Realm, they are not considered independent nations, but are granted local autonomy by the Crown and British Citizenship by the United Kingdom — though the UK does reserve the right to overrule the laws of their local assemblies.
不像英联邦国家，它们并不被认为是独立国家，而是被英女王授予自治权青春梦里人，拥有英国公民的身份。虽然英国还有推翻自治政府法案的权利。
Are we all done now?
我们都讲完了吗？
Almost, but not quite. There are still a couple of loose threads, such as this place: The tiny city of Gibraltar on the Southern Cost of Spain, famous for its rock, its monkeys and for causing diplomatic tension between the United Kingdom and Spain.
差不多，但还有一点。还是有一些漏网之鱼，像这个地方：位于西班牙南部海岸的小城直布罗陀，以岩石和猴子闻名，同时也引发了英国和西班牙的外交紧张。
Or what about the Falkland Islands? Which caused so much tension between the United Kingdom and Argentina that they went to war over them.
还有福克兰（马尔维纳斯）群岛又怎样？它导致了英国和阿根廷严重的冲突，引发了马岛战争。
These places belong in the last group of Crown Properties, known as British Overseas Territories. But their former name 'Crown Colonies' gives away their origins. They are the last vestiges of the British Empire.
以下这些地区是英国皇家直属，被称为英国海外直属领。但是它们之前的名字——皇家直辖殖民地——泄露了底细正o仪 。他们是大英帝国最后的残骸。
Unlike the Commonwealth Realm, they have notbecome independent nations and continue to rely on the United Kingdom for military and sometimes economic assistance. Like the Crown Dependencies, everyone born within their borders is a British Citizen.
不像英联邦国家，他们不是独立国家，而在军事上，经济上也依赖英国援助。与自治领相同，出生在直属领的人都有英国公民身份。
The Crown Colonies are, in decreasing order of population: Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, the Turks and Caicos Islands, Gibraltar, the British Virgin Islands, Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Anguilla, Saint Helena, the Ascension Islands, Tristan da Cunha, Montserrat, the British Indian Ocean Territory, the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, the Falkland Islands, the British Antarctic Territory, and the Pitcairn Islands.
皇家直辖殖民地包括（人口降序排列）：百慕大群岛、开曼群岛、特克斯和凯科斯群岛、直布罗陀、英属维尔京群岛、安圭那岛、塞浦路斯英属区、圣赫勒拿岛、阿松森群岛、特里斯坦-达库尼亚群岛、蒙特色拉特岛、英属印度洋领地、南乔治亚岛、南三明治群岛、福克兰群岛、英属南极属地和皮特凯恩群岛。
For our final Venn diagram, the United Kingdom is a country situated on the British Isles and is part of the Crown which is controlled by the monarch(y).
最后复习一下：英国是一个位于不列颠群岛的国家，也是英国王室所执掌的领土的一部分。
Also part of the Crown and the British Isles are the Crown Dependencies. The independent nations of the former empire that still recognize the Crown are the Commonwealth Realm, and the non-independentremnantsof the former empire are the British Overseas Territories.
其他部分包括皇家自治领，而由英帝国独立出来的，承认英国君主统治的国家是英联邦国家。剩下那些没有独立的前殖民地，则是英国海外领地。
Thank you very much for watching.
非常感谢您的收看。
推荐您阅读更多有关于“”的文章